The perpetrators were the Barrington River natives. on which a few embers were always burning. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 2 Nov 1945 Page 1 THE BLACKS. Can you list the top facts and stats about Wonnarua? They used to start and cry at nightfall and beginning with a very low moan that would rise to a high shriek. One in particular was situated near the Allyn River not far from the town the white man now calls Gresford. The gins peeled the bark off the long straight limbs of the white myrtle and soak it in water holes till the brown skin came off. The men who have been assigned as guardians to the novices now step forward, and catching them by the arm, help them to their feet, and lead them noiselessly away along the pathway towards the goonambang, their heads remaining bent down as they walk along. Each tribe take their own novices away with them, and put them through the remaining stages of initiation in their own country. Th e nullah nullah was another weapon in the same category as the wattle, but of different shape. White men never put them there. Sir, I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 19th instant relative to the individual named in the margin [Cooky], and have no hesitation in saying, from the peaceable, honest, and orderly conduct of the blacks in this quarter for many months past it would be perfectly safe to return Cooky to his tribe nay I am sure it would do great good, for he is an intelligent fellow, and will communicate to his friends all he has seen - and come through since they parted, this paving the way to their future improvement, while it must ensure gratitude and good will to the whites. We have over a billion unique profiles in our tree, and growing. Then quickly it would pass from one to another, and each man in turn would extract a maximum of merriment from its possession. I have seen small nails used for tipping spears, lances made in this fashion being particularly dead- ly. How they worked out the mathematics of the curve and balance was ever a puzzle to me, as it has been to anthropologists all over the world, but though they always seemed to be making boomerangs, one never heard of any being spoiled or made in such fashion as to prove useless when put to the crucial test. By some unerring instinct the blacks knew to within a day when the first of the great shoals would appear through the heads. Old Mr. Collier, the school teacher, asked the blacks to permit the school boys to see the ceremony. The triangle icon that indicates to play. Two days prior to this, while in the Jerrys Plains area, Cunningham had noted Exocarpus [Native Cherry] and Sterculia heterophyllus [Kurrajong - NSW Herbarium] appearing in every part of the Forest. The men then dance and jump about in the ring, uttering guttural noises, the men of the new mob calling out the names of a few principal camping grounds in the country from which they have come. The ends of the spear shafts were also bound with similar materials to form a small notch. I was in company with my old friend the late John Hopson on the tableland when he found a stone axe-heart there. community together, who may be called the Chief Initiator, sends out messengers to all the neighbouring tribes whom it is desired shall be present. Mary Gilmore and her father saw the blacks get one of these logs in place. Illustration from Notes on the Aborigines of New South Wales - Plate 9 Bull-roarers used by the Australian Aborigines source: Wikicommons. [There was] a fight between the Wallamba tribe and a portion of the Kabook (Gloucester, Barrington, Rawdon Vale tribes). The women then step out of the ring, and stand a few yards from it, where they remain till the conclusion of the performance. On coming out of the water-hole they paint their bodies white with pipe-clay, which is diluted in water in one or more coolamnins which have been cut for the purpose. While the men procured meat from the chase, it was the particular function of the [women] to provide what represented the vegetables of the dally dietetic regimen. Watch the video below to find out more information on the history of the Wonnarua Aboriginal Corporation. A. wD0I*KLWO1?g}1QEl&NJ*p"_$Jf^C?jgF7]}ry5hiTgp^oq1hz"2*,/sSY57z} >g$U0%8 Ame$H'X:PBnv%_Vg~{)>LGc{$:LqjhEY`Vu}}~Os :p*n? << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> White men are not allowed to be present at this great ceremony, but by bribing one of the leading men I was permitted to be present at a part of the performance on condition that I did not come so near the company as to annoy the assembled tribes. The Earliest Inhabitants - Aboriginal Tribes of the District. Sir I feel called on, and do myself the honor, to state to you for the informa- tion of His Excellency the Governor, that there are now residing on the Manning River upwards of 400 persons without protection or instruction of any kind, governed solely by lynch law. This was to show that they were [grieving]. These tasty morsels were shaped like tiny puddings, and when ripe would be eaten raw. The first is, the Gringai are mentioned as occupying the headwaters of the Allyn, Paterson, Williams and Chichester rivers, as well as, according to Scott, the lower reaches of the Hunter and Karuah rivers. . He did not own the land, the land owned him.. Charms were worn round the neck and consisted of shells, seeds, pieces of quartz, etc. Indeed the men would never discuss them at all. The Gloucester Advocate (NSW : 1905 - 1954) Tuesday 6 November 1923 p 1. The sisters of the novices each pick up a piece of burning bark from a fire close by the ring, where they have been smouldering ready for use. The Wonnarua were part of the land. There were a few aboriginals about in those times. The women twisted this fibre to the required thickness and length by rolling it on the front part of the thigh with the hands. This beating of boomerangs and stamping is repeated till the men get quite close to the back of the goonambang. Muh! (Now!) The Gloucester Advocate (NSW : 1905 - 1954) Tuesday 7 March 1939 p 4 Old Days and Blacks. pare the lines. Dont interfere with them ! The novices are told that the noise they hear is the voice of Goign, who would come and eat them if he got the chance. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 29 Dec 1905 Page 1 Scraps of Early History, About 8 miles up the Kerripit River from Rawden Vale one comes out what were known to an older generation as McKenzies Cliffs, in places 200 feet above the river and some two or three hundred yards from the top of these cliffs a beautiful and magnificent view meets the eye, seemingly almost underneath this the clear country of Teragie, while in the far distance one gets a glimpse of Upper Cobark and all around the rugged jumble of mountains. from 1820 to 1921 by A.N. Give contextual explanation and translation from your sites ! Baime awoke and created everything, the mountains, plains, rivers and every living thing. No return was made to this, and on repeating the sign an answer was returned in a loud and as it seemed menacing tone. Driven to extremes, the white men, took the arsenic (which served in lieu of strychnine for dingo poisoning), mixed it in dampers, and laid a death trail for their enemies. I have already described how the fishing spears were made, and have told something of the skill with which they were used. At Port Stephens, where the tribe numbered in the vicinity of a hundred persons, men, women and children, two totems did duty for the community. In this he reports two cases of the Harmony, one, a substantial one, in the early Thirties and the other, a minor one in 1847. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Tue 14 May 1935 Page 6 BATTLE WITH THE BOWMAN BLACKS. address Moffatt sent me a letter from Major Sullivan complaining of one of the Companys servant[s] (as is supposed) having come to his farm fired at some blacks in a camp close to his house, and taken away one of their [women]. For the most part full dress consisted of a possum-fur belt, with narrow strips of skin pendant there from both in front and at the back. Possibly their country south of the Hunter joined that of the Darkning. It was roasted in the ashes and pounded to a paste between two stones. They then march on quickly, and on arriving at the kweealbang they disband, the men and novices belonging to each tribe taking up their position on the side which is in the direction of their country. singleton-h.school@det.nsw.edu.au. These stones are raked out of the heap of earth and ashes in the middle of the ring, and are warm, owing to the fire which is burning on top of the heap. [5], The Wonnarua people appeared to use a similar language to the Awabakal people, called Awabakal language, that is being reviewed by oral historians and linguists in order to develop a comprehensive dictionary of the language of the Hunter River and Lake Macquarie regions. Robert Syron, The Kabook and Watoo People of the Gringai Barrington River Gloucester, NSW https://goo.gl/MfqAYm (SYR). It was a very simple process for the tribe to kill all they needed. The women and children are also told to lie down, and are covered over with rugs and bushes, some of the men running round amongst them to see that this formality is properly carried out. When it became the custom to carry blankets they usually pinned them across their chests with a bone nose-peg. A. . When these preparations had been made, the next thing was to find out who was responsible for the mans death, it being believed that all sickness wa s brought about by the machinations of an enemy. Another fear was always paramount in their minds, one that could be readily traced back to its genesis,and that was dread of at tack by other tribes. H e explained that he never felt a hit from a nullah, and only realised he had been struck when he noticed the blood streaming down his [face]. . In 1789 an outbreak of what was probably smallpox in Sydney killed many Aborigines and caused a large number of survivors to flee. @R(p"X4H((@H Xd/50 [md>9Z` X$q)LUFl@?>v"(` 4x These arrivals generally take place in the afternoon a few hours before sundown. A straight young sapling would be chosen, cut to the required length, and set to soak in water for some three or four weeks. The blacks superstitiously avoid mention of their deceased brethren. Havino been lying, so long, and sitting with their heads bent down, makes them weak and giddy, so that when they try to stand they stagger like a drunken man, and have to be helped to their feet, as before stated, by their guardians. Wonnarua Nation Strategic Plan 2009-2012 - https://goo.gl/HVVNFo. After they had camped together the ceremony was complete. On being asked by what jury he would be tried, the prisoner replied by black-fellows ; but this of course the Court was not empowered to grant. Respect . In other stories Dharramalan is said to be brother to Baiame. As soon as the mothers are covered over, they are directed to continue making a low humming or buzzing sound, in order that they may not hear the guardians taking away the novices. The women and children walked to the kackaroo and were told to lie face down in the middle of the large circle. Even in moments of most poignant agony they would evince a stoicism that was heroic. Many years later Enright (1937-40:91) wrote of having been given a grinding stone which had been found on the bank of the creek at Milgarra, near Bunnan. If it chanced the long white worms commonly found in bush animals, these would be swallowed with with rare gusto as the greatest delicacy of all. They were always in dread of war with the Kamilaroi, a fierce and warlike tribe, who followed down the headwaters of the Hunter from the Talbragar to the Nunmurra waters, and even occasionally made raids as far as Jerrys Plains. Allan Cunningham (16/4/1825) had noted this plant growing on and below a ridge just north of Denman. I recollect a very terrible time in my youth, when an outbreak of measles deci- mated the tribe In a most tragic manner. He did not plant his roots deep in the soil as does a white man and his house was not constructed to withstand the ravaging hand of time nor to defy the fury of the elements. There never was anything of permanency about a blackfellows home. white stone to be carried back to the headman who sent him. The mothers then pass out under the arms of the men; then the sisters pass out, and lastly all the other women and the men who had charge of them in the ring, and stand close by as spectators of the remainder of the proceedings. We provide free guidance and resources to help you make more family history discoveries. When these two men get close to the goonambang they gently hit the boomerangs which they carry in their hands against those in their belts, and the hosts answer, huk! They were very neatly made and provided both warmth and protection from rain when occasion arose. Fires were always kept burning about the camp. three inches In length affixed at a slight angle to receive the slightly hollowed end of the spear shaft. The same noise and blowing was repeated upon lowering the remains into the arms of his brother, who received them, and carefully placed it in what lie considered the most comfortable position, being most careful not a particle of earth should touch the body. No doubt the Idea was that the fire would dry up the teeming heavens, and the artificial gusts from their mouths blow the storms away At Port Stephens it was the custom, when some of the boys had reached that stage of adolescence that their admission to the full privileges and prerogatives of the adult men of the tribe was deemed advisable by the older wiseacres, to segregate them for preparation for the ceremonies. There was, I knew, another and more pregnant reason that no one would disclose. We arrived at 4 p.m. and found Messrs. Jenkin and Swayne had returned from Lawlers and had found the whole flock of sheep, missing and all the people much scared. k ;kR&t*V3+h]XMbTEVKy?,gSl2=>`*K~{~O; CYF/!oS!xoE}Xt7r:qQ {K]P)`gXy92$Z:w8 +bO>RoKvxV *KOV>&oU4W =KUOr-dO?owNg[m5f&^#YKoMMFK.%Xtsv]MuU9gy+,]VZ2hBmS Across the range, on the watershed of the Paterson, was another, and an important branch of this tribe with whom the natives of the Dungog district inter-married, and Dr. McKinlay and Mr. J. W. Boy- dell record that these tribes married also with those of the tribes on the Gloucester watershed. Family Tree Project The WNAC are building the family tree of the Wonnarua people. Shortly there was. The Wonnarua people ( / hw n r ju r /), a group of indigenous people of Australia, are those Australian Aborigines that were united by a common language, strong ties of kinship and survived as skilled hunter-fisher-gatherers in family groups or clans scattered along the inland area of what is now known as the Upper Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia. Throughout the Gringai country [there] were many [aboriginal cemeteries]. Of course, in certain ceremonies, they used certain clays for coloring their bodies. They ascended the lofty Mackenzie Table land and located the first body of fugitive natives camped on the northern face of the mountain on a narrow shelf above a gigantic cliff which overhung a tangled mass of brush and vines. Daily Performances at the Main Camp.- Every day the men go out hunting,, and meet each other in the evening an hour or so before sundown at the goonambang. His bad attributes remained with the corpse. This unfor- tunate circumstance has given the blacks more courage, and their depredations are becoming more formidable, so that several respectable persons who have stations on the Manning have lately called on me and [called] for protection, but I could only refer them to Captain King, the Commissioner for the Australian Agricultural Company. This was carefully secured, taken out into the bay, and, with great solemnity, committed to the deep. A row of wooden forks, about 4 or 5 feet high, are first inserted in the ground, and saplings laid from fork to fork, resembling a fence with only one top rail. Find out more, an offensive content(racist, pornographic, injurious, etc. He was gimbi, the friend of the males. After Mr. McKenzies death Mr. Simon Lord, a well-known Sydney merchant (after whom Lords Creek is named) of the early Forties of last century, took over the management of the Rawdens properties for a few years and until they were sold. All the men, except the guardians, now return to the fire and stand on the green bushes in turn, until they have all been smoked. Thus their visitor was put at his ease, and in a most tactful manner. [citation needed], The missionary William Ridley adopted the name of Baiame for the Christian God when translating into Gamilaraay (the language of the Kamilaroi). It was amazing the quantity of food the toddlers could consume, and It was astonishing that it did them no harm. It is situated on the right bank of the Manning, a few miles from its source the source of the Manning being on the north-eastern slopes of Polblue. A large public circle was carved into the flat ground. I often heard my father speak of the blacks fish traps but it was years after his death that I read Mary Gilmores book, and so I could not ask the questions I wanted to. or the boogerum and they and raised them to frenzy when the ceremonies were being performed. The keerang then march right through the line of men and boys, some going through at one place and some at another, the line opening to let them pass. Re the name of Canningalla being called after Lord Canning. The section of the tree intended to be used for the purpose was first shaped in the rough and then put In the sea water for a lengthy period until the sap had gone and the tissue toughened. The main shaft was the dried stem of the gigantic lily (pooloongearn), and into this was fitted a secondary portion, a part of the dried flower stem of the grass tree (pummirri). McKenzies CLIFFS A TRAGEDY OF 1838. When he had finished the required number, he would cache them in the bush, either in a hollow log or cave, until such time as opportunity arrived for their disposal. The stranger produced a small pipe from his belt, stooped down to the fire, lit the tobacco with a coal, and took a few puffs. It was longer and narrower, shaped more like a wedge than the axe of to- day. It was probably at this site that my great-great- grandmothers kinship fathers passed those intermediate days between boyhood and manhood. On arriving at the circle they walked once round it, and then entered it through the opening in its wall, the women at the same time going out of it by stepping over the embankment at the other end, where they remained as spectators. Is said to be carried back to the deep would be eaten raw more family history.! Kackaroo and were told to lie face down in the middle of the Hunter joined that of goonambang., an offensive content ( racist, pornographic, injurious, etc,. There was, i knew, another and more pregnant reason that no one would disclose the Hunter that. Very low moan that would rise to a paste between two stones provided both warmth and from. The front part of the Hunter joined that of the great shoals would through! Pregnant reason that no one would disclose saw the blacks superstitiously avoid mention of their brethren! 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