amzn_assoc_tracking_id = "thpohidill-20"; Consumer Information West Virginia has the most with 108. Erikson, a Yale professor when he arrived in Buffalo Creek, is one such outsider, having no connection to the region until he was brought in as an expert witness. Juliet Eilperin and Steven Mufson, Many Coal Sludge Impoundments Have Weak Walls, Federal Study Says, Washington Post, April 24, 2013. Senator Jennings Randolph (D-WV) visited Man High School, a temporary refugee location for Buffalo Creek survivors. Both the Governors Commission and the Citizens Commission set about their investigations, and each group began holding public hearings and collecting information regarding the disaster. As customary each year, the service began with a reading of the names of the deceased by the individuals in the room. amzn_assoc_ad_mode = "manual"; Click for copy. Disaster at Buffalo Creek. Ben A. Franklin, New York Times News Service, Slag Piles Imperil 5th of State Nader, Charleston Gazette, March 5, 1972. Alvid Davis was working outside his home in the community of Stowe when he looked up and saw the flood waters coming, according to an Associated Press report of February 28, 1972. settled a lawsuit over this breakdown. W. Va. 1974). After then-president of the United Mine Workers Union, Arnold Miller and others were rebuffed by Gov. A few years later, construction began on water and sewage systems, and some permanent housing was built. Pierson said he was flown out by helicopter. Create a password that only you will remember. Many coal waste impoundments had to be either modified or closed to eliminate hazardous conditions. George Vecsey, Homeless Thousands Await Future in Flooded Valley, New York Times (front page), February 29, 1972. Civ Pro: Buffalo Creek Disaster notes Questions o Who are the Parties Plaintiff: Workers Defendant: Coal company: Buffalo Mining Company (and Pittston Company, based in NYC = sole stockholder) o One of the largest employers in the West Virginia county Attorneys Author Mr. Staker (Famous lawyer) Judges Judge Christie (left b/c of his old friend) Property damage is estimated to be upward of $50 million or more. list is late. injury claims of 33 plaintiffs, published 63 F.R.D. A wave from the waste dam flooded and destroyed the Buffalo Creek community [2]. Disaster at Buffalo Creek Health and safety engineer Jack Spadaro was teaching at West Virginia University when the disaster occurred. February 26, 2022, marks the 50th anniversary of one of the most devastating mine disasters in U.S. history. Four years after the disaster, in 1976, about 100 families were still living in the government provided mobile homes. The sociologist Kai Erikson was brought in for the latter suit as an expert witness on behalf of the survivors. Senator). JSTOR is a digital library for scholars, researchers, and students. After the 1972 Buffalo Creek disaster, Gov. Judge Christie, the federal district judge originally assigned to the case, removes regulations forbid the closing off of any stream or the impoundment of water by refuse-pile dams. He is forbidden from distributing the memorandum. For many, Eriksons book became a definitive take on Buffalo Creek, as well as Appalachian culture as a whole. Chronology of a Disaster, BuffaloCreek Flood.org. The Buffalo Creek Disaster. 201 12th StS I found the use of . But this dam dam No. The wall of water exploded I repair Geiger counters. I didnt have no fear for water, Id just jump right in any lake or river and swim. First Lieut. When the impoundments up in the hills gave way that February morning, a tsunami-like wall of thick, black coal wastewater went crashing down the hollow, wiping out homes and lives. 2 gave way, quickly followed by Dam No. 2 was built on top of that waste. Although its velocity gradually decreased as it traveled down the valley, the event caused death and destruction as far as 15 miles downstream of the dams. National Guard helicopters picked up survivors and delivered supplies. Or something else altogether? were provided to Stern. But his youngest son and daughter and his wife were among the missing. Eventually, she and her husband, Arthur, rebuilt on the same spot as the old house. 30, No. The Charleston Gazette reporting on the rising death toll of the Buffalo Creek Disaster and Pittstons PR office calling the disaster an act of God. The loss of more than 100 people in the Buffalo Creek disaster half a century ago . Ewen and Lewis highlight dozens of statements from Eriksons book that demonstrate, they believe, his reinforcement of stereotypes and his blaming the victim mentality toward the residents of Buffalo Creek. and made decisions on future trial structure. At approximately 8 a.m., a coal waste dam collapsed on the Middle Fork of Buffalo Creek, releasing 132 million gallons of water, coal refuse, and silt into the narrow mountain valley. the burning refuse pile before wiping out the Buffalo Creek valley. The problem of coal waste impoundments in Appalachia and all across America has not gone away since the 1972 Buffalo Creek disaster. amzn_assoc_ad_type = "smart"; The Buffalo Creek disaster : how the survivors of one of the worst disasters in coal-mining history brought suit against the coal company -- and won. 0 ratings 0% found this document useful (0 votes) 1. The current members of [the Governors] panel are either oriented to coal or apologists for the tragedy, so we are creating our own commission of 19 residents to take testimony from eyewitnesses, said Pat McClintock at the time. Black water was pumped into pools behind the dams and dams filtered the deposits so that relatively clear water could run out their downstream face. Human relationships in this community had been derived from traditional bonds of kinship and neighborliness. The news of the Buffalo Creek Disaster broke variously across the nation the next few days, in part due to the difficulty of getting to the site. AprilOver 1,000 residents registered claims with Pittston. April 30, 1974Plaintiffs amended their complaint. In the end, more than 125 people were killed, at least 1,000 injured, and some 4,000 left homeless. damaged and destroyed bridges, roads, and schools for $50 million compensatory The Buffalo Creek Flood was a disaster that occurred in 1972 in West Virginia. Last Update:31 January2019 He said he feels his experience with the flood is what led him to lead that lifestyle. He said the impoundment failure at Buffalo Creek was accompanied by multiple warnings. Pierce. 1967The U.S. Department of Interior releases its Report on Condition 3 every day. Buffalo Creek Coal Mine, Logan County, WV Written at SFSU in 2017 About 45 years ago, at the U.S.' coal mining peak, the country had one of its worst mining-related disasters at Buffalo Creek, Logan County, West Virginia [1]. The first restoration, however, came with the railroads, rebuilt to serve the mines, which were operating again within a week of the flood. Privacy Policy Contact Us As of 1987, Pittston was still among the ten largest coal companies in the U.S. So often, these people are defined by misguided Appalachian stereotypes. But his pregnant wife couldnt get out; she was trapped in the house. Richard Carelli, Mining Official Blames Explosions on Flood Water Hitting Hot Slag Pile, Charleston Gazette, March 9, 1972. One thing that really impressed me, though, was there was no immediate display of emotion, Porterfield said, remembering the survivors. Rebecca Bailey's 2008 book, "Matewan: Before The Massacre". buffalo creek disaster 1 - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. He believed most local people didnt tell Randolph and other politicians how they really feel. The pool behind Dam No. As the wave moved down the mountain valley it wiped out much of what stood in its path. May 1972, Wash., DC. In 1854, he married Margaretha Weidner (1832-1910). In the wake of this disaster, Congress asked the National Research Council to examine ways to reduce the potential for similar accidents in the future, and their report appeared in October 2001, recommending the federal government establish clear authority to review the stability of such impoundments, improve regulation, establish minimum distance rules, and undertake more complete mapping of existing and abandoned underground mines. During the flood, 125 people lost their lives, 1,100 were injured and 4,000 were left homeless. Murder in Appalachian, The Nation, March 20, 1972. June 2, 1971BMCs vice president asked Pittstons legal counsel about Hall also asked Pittston Less than a year later, in February 1971, Dam No. studied the 1972 Buffalo Creek flood in WV. Ben A. Franklin, Coal Dam Curbs Urged by Nader, New York Times, March 5, 1972. State regulators sued the mines owner. Volunteers picked up trash around the creek. 1924Crane Creek flood (Mercer County, WV), refuse pile blocking a waterway 1945The Lorado Coal Company opened a coal mine at Buffalo Creek and began Buy Now. West Virginia Department of Arts, Culture and History. March 2, 1973Judge Hall holds hearing on Pittstons motion to dismiss [I]f you dont do some-thing, were all going to be washed away., By June 1970, Pittston had acquired the Buffalo Mining Company. Article Citation: Mine Safety and Health Administration) to the Buffalo Creek area a few days after the disaster. 1966A United Kingdom coal-waste dump in South Aberfam, Wales similar The following morning, his wifes birthday, Harvey was on his way to pick up a cake, but police had the road blocked off. That film was selected for the Library of Congress National Film Registry in 2005. Several lawsuits were also filed in the wake of the Buffalo Creek disaster, including a large class action with 645 survivors and victim family members suing Pittston for $64 million. In reaction to the flood, Hechler said: The people are prisoners of the coal industry., Hechlers quote is included in the media theorist Rita Colistras article in the Journal of Appalachian Studies, which also includes a quote from Ralph Nader. The Buffalo Creek Disaster: The Story of the Survivors' Unprecedented Lawsuit, New York, Random House, 1976. Arnold & Porters medical and psychological experts started interviewing and Buffalo Creek Special Series, Charleston Gazette, February 1997. According to Young, Appalachia is a region discarded as an expendable population. But exploring how these negative stereotypes promote such attitudes can sharpen our understanding and ability to fight the treatment of all current and future oppressed groups.. Map of Buffalo Creek communities in 1972 shown with disaster summary inset. When that report came out it called for new legislation and further inquiry by the local prosecutor, also concluding: Norm Williams, Deputy Director, WV-DNR & Citizens' Commission chairman. During the meeting, the Middle Fork Buffalo Creek, Saunders, West Virginia, Volume 1, February 1973. Davis managed to rescue two of his sons, and his neighbors helped pull his 17-year-old daughter from the waters two miles down the hollow. Yet, as all who lived in those parts knew well, this was a coal disaster, not an act of God, as the coal company would later claim. I wouldve took a gunshot or anything. I didnt want to drown. Robert Weedall, West Virginias climatologist, noted in later remarks that yes, Act of God is a legal term, but there were other perhaps more apt legal terms that might apply to what had happened in Buffalo Creek, such as involuntary manslaughter or criminal negligence. The record, however, would prove that acts of man had everything to do with what happened at Buffalo Creek. ofBMC. I finally caught hold of the railroad with one hand and pulled my myself out. Kentucky has 102. June 26, 1974The plaintiffs and Pittston settle for $13.5 million. The community continues to honor and remember those lost during the Buffalo Creek mining disaster. Leading off the testimony before the Senate Subcommittee was Garth Fuquay of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (shown in above photo), who had been detailed to the subcommittee to help guide the committee in its investigation. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines (W. A. Wahler & Associates), Analysis of Coal Refuse Dam Failure. George Vecsey, West Virginians Living in Hollows Fear That Mine Waste Piles in Their Areas Will Cause Next Flood, New York Times, March 6, 1972. They are used to hard times. and damage claims. That failure sent 300 million gallons of liquid coal waste tearing through the underground mine chambers, then spewing out of mountainside portals into valley streams below. Instead, the builders end-dumped and shoved loosely compacted layers of coarse refuse across the valley. Journal of Appalachian Studies, Vol. Bridges were smashed to bits. Refuse Dumps at Coal Mines, discouraging the use of coal refuse dumps as dams. document.getElementById( "ak_js_3" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); JSTOR Daily provides context for current events using scholarship found in JSTOR, a digital library of academic journals, books, and other material. The Buffalo Creek Flood: An Act of Man / Buffalo Creek Revisited, BuffaloCreekFlood .org, Website. I just got done buying a Geiger counter and rebuilding it for someone because everybodys getting afraid of Russia right now.. I seen trees, logs, cars, slate, slush, you name it and it was in that.. John G. Morgan, Angered Citizens Plan Own Logan Flood Probe, Charleston Gazette, March 7, 1972. Sources: The Herald Dispatch, newspaper of Huntington, WV, Thomas Marsh, and the West Virginia Division of Culture and History. There had been emergency relief, but little community redevelopment. the front to drag them to paradise california. The association bought habitat structures to further help form the pools that trout prefer. The Buffalo Creek flood was a disaster that occurred on February 26, 1972, when the Pittston Coal Company's coal slurry impoundment dam #3, located on a hillside in Logan County, West Virginia, burst, four days after having been declared 'satisfactory' by a federal mine inspector. December 1970Pittston employee drafts memorandum warning that federal protect miners and their families. The Buffalo Creek disaster is the best example of a tragedy centered on environmental injustice where the minority ethnic groups and low . Arch Moore's emergency director asked the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to perform recovery work at state expense. But following a bitter labor strike in 1989, and the declining profitability of its minerals division throughout the 1990s, Pittston began to wind down its coal operations. and submitted other discovery requests to Pittston. Tim Hall, left, explains how the events of the Buffalo Creek Flood shaped his life during a memorial service at the Buffalo Creek Memorial Library on Friday, Feb. 24. November 14, 1970: Marshall University football team killed in plane crash. They relate the story of a group of survivors who formed their own support group without outside help. flood the people will already have their coffins Young draws parallels between Appalachia and the colonialist exploitation of Third World countries, as well as the exploitation of communities of color, such as Flint, Michigan. Hall added that he is what is known as a prepper who stocks up items like food and supplies in case of an emergency or disaster. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal government site. Thomas N. Bethell and Davitt McAteer, The Pittston Mentality: Manslaughter on Buffalo Creek, Washington Monthly, May 1972. The chair of the citizens commission, Norman Williams, then deputy director of West Virginias Department of Natural Resources, called for the outlawing of strip mining throughout the state. Harry Caudill's "Theirs Be The Power". The makeshift dam had collapsed after several days of heavy rain, releasing black water estimated at 132 million gallons. It would just go from one hillside to the other. Erikson, Disaster at Buffalo Creek. Still other operations use injection techniques to pump various coal wastes underground. At the time, the EPA called it the worst environmental disaster in the southeast United States. The coal company called it an act of God (sound familiar?). Hufford, M. (1997) The memorial marker at the mouth of Buffalo Creek naming those who died in the Buffalo Creek flood. Dam #3 in his inspection report. The Buffalo Creek Disaster was one of the costliest preventable tragedies in the history of . document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Mannix Porterfield, a reporter who covered the events of that tragic day, later recalled the destruction left in the floods wake. The Buffalo Creek Disaster - Los Angeles County Bar Association EN English Deutsch Franais Espaol Portugus Italiano Romn Nederlands Latina Dansk Svenska Norsk Magyar Bahasa Indonesia Trke Suomi Latvian Lithuanian esk Unknown The Buffalo Creek flood was a disaster that occurred in Logan County, West Virginia on February 26, 1972 when a coal slurry impoundment dam burst, causing significant loss of life and property damage. Construction is carried out according to the approved plan. When forced to give up these long-standing ties with familiar places and people, the . Railroad rails were twisted, cars were everywhere, bridges were on the roads instead of over the creek.. June 4, 1974Proposed representative plaintiff lists from both sides due. The Corps repeatedly billed the state $ 3.7 million for this work, but Moore kept the invoices confidential and didn't pay them. In the last week of his second term in 1977, Moore accepted a $1 million payment from Pittston Coal Company to settle accounts from the Buffalo Creek Disaster. 2023 West Virginia University. McClintock was a field worker for the Black Lung Association, an organization focused on the debilitating disease common to miners. A wall of water and coal waste 30 feet high and 550 feet across burst from the impoundment, and rushed more than 15 miles down the hollow, toward the confluence of Buffalo Creek and the. Citing coal industry dereliction throughout central Appalachia, they said it was imperative for Congress to investigate the industrys practice of erecting crudely-made coal refuse dams and propose legislation to prevent future disasters. November 7, 1980: Ferrell coal mine disaster. The tragedy resulted in a $13.5 million class action settlement, and led to the 1973 Dam . These cracks were a clear indication of the saturation and subsequent destabilization of the structure, but no evacuation order was issued. 1,121 individuals were injured over 4,000 of Buffalo Creeks approximately 5,000 residents were immediately rendered homeless. /08. (ABA Required Disclosures). Jamie Goodman/Brian Sewell, Remembering Buffalo Creek, The Appalachian Voice, February 21, 2012. Mary Walton, Triangle of Blame Placed in Disaster, Charleston Gazette, May 30, 1972, p.1. 20 years prior to the Buffalo Creek flood, a similar incident had occurred. that the ultimate effect of [any] claims [related to the Buffalo Creek disaster] The Buffalo Creek Flood and Disaster: Official Report from the Governor's Ad Hoc Commission of Inquiry. July 14, 1970West Virginia Department of Natural Resources (WVDNR) Inspector At approximately 8 a.m. on Feb. 26, 1972, a man-made coal slurry impoundment dam, which was operated by the Pittston Coal Company, burst following a prolonged period of heavy rainfall. Young details the harm of negative Appalachian stereotypes. Pittston objected to Arnold & Porters more definite statement, asking the You may opt-out anytime by clicking "unsubscribe" from the newsletter or from your account. The Buffalo Creek Disaster: The Story of the Survivors . It brings back old memories of being in Vietnam, he said. I dont know where. "one acre of area covered by water to a depth of 300 feet", OR water. At a protest meeting held in the Buffalo Grade School in Accoville a month after the flood, an older woman stood up and shouted out: Ive lived up at the top of the hollow for a long time. Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 149 * the author, former civil rights attorney employed at Arnold and Porter (large DC firm) * lead attorney in Buffalo Creek case Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by Mariam_Salman27 Terms in this set (149) And that same year, 1967, the U.S. Department of the Interior had warned state officials that the Buffalo Creek dams and 29 others throughout West Virginia were unstable and dangerous.[I]f you dont do some-thing, were all going to be washed away. dumping coal refuse into the mouth of Middle Fork hollow. They just had this blank stare of resignation One of my co-workers said people in those coal communities are used to being battered by this and that. UPI photographer Leo Gardner, one of the first outsiders to reach the area reported, Lorado was wiped out. Another early report from the devastation noted: 52 bodies lying on both sides of the road running alongside Buffalo Creek. Some drowned in the floodwaters, while others were buried by landslides, as a thick muck had moved along with the coal water. 128-129. Engineers Say Buffalo Dam Doomed at Start, Logan Banner (Logan, WV), May 30, 1972. May 30, 1972. Aerial photograph from 'The Herald Dispatch' (Huntington, WV) captures some of the enormous damage in the Buffalo Creek valley, showing collection of homes uprooted and floated down the valley, covering roads and rail lines. But these werent the only investigations; there were also several others, including: one or more Congressional committees, the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Department of the Interior, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Having faced several corruption allegations when serving as governor, Moore left office with this additional blemish on his record. 1 (FALL 1999), pp. The Concept 2 . Chance of rain 100%. Field Foundation proposed a resolution that Pittston should spend more money to Depta writes: Theyre bringing in trailers so the next time theres a (BMCs) dam #1 fails causes a steam explosion and damaging the Saunders community Pittston by then had developed a reputation for poor safety practices, and was ranked second nationally in the number of fatal and non-fatal mine accidents. This is the name that will be displayed next to your photo for comments, blog posts, and more. Mimi Pickering (Film Director), Buffalo Creek Flood: An Act of Man (essay), Library of Congress, 1978 (in 1984, filmmaker Mimi Pickering completed Buffalo Creek Revisited, an update on the flood and its consequences). the increased regulation cost might bankrupt it and became open to buyout. The flood caused many tears, pain and death. Titchener, F.T. In 1973, the West Virginia Legislature passed the Dam Control Act, regulating all dams in the state. SOUTH MAN Sunday marked 51 years since the Buffalo Creek Disaster, the worst flood in West Virginia's history. Specific problems, such as the presence of mine workings near impoundments, are dealt with using sound engineering approaches. The state sued the company for $100,000,000 dollars but then Gov. Another survivor and eye witness recounted what he saw to a Logan Banner reporter: It was throwing houses around like matchstems and it was picking up cars like they were eggshells, Two other witnesses reported to the Logan Banner that they saw bodies getting hung in trees The water was black and it was carrying homes and timber Another man added: I just didnt believe I would see that much water and houses floating down the creek. During World War II, almost a half million POWs were interned in the United States, where they forged sympathetic relationships with Black American soldiers. 1948US Department of Interior published an information circular, Burning Jack Doyle, Buffalo Creek Disaster: 1972, markets. U.S. General Accounting Office, Delayed Redevelopment was Reasonable after Flood Disaster in West Virginia, Report of the Comptroller of the United States, Washington, DC: 1976. That deal would dog Moore for the rest of his career. The Buffalo Creek Disaster of 1972. F.3d 349 (4th Cir. 36, No. He said his family washed off and cooked chickens that were killed in the aftermath of the flood. One newspaper, reporting on the study and the Senate hearings, used the headlines Army Corps of Engineers Says Dam Doomed From Start (below). As a result many possible . But the disaster will never be forgotten. .. One lawsuit was filed by the state of West Virginia, while another class action lawsuit was filed by survivors of the flood. The U.S. shares to 1,217 shares. Stephen Young, a Marshall University professor and criminologist, recently wrote an article focused on the 2014 Elk River chemical spill, which left 300,000 West Virginians without clean water. solicitation of legal business. It later concluded that there was no impropriety. It was the flood at lick fork. October 23, 1890: "Wreck on the C&O" November 4, 1985: Floods devastate West Virginia. The Buffalo Creek Disaster Memorial, located in Kistler, WV, stands as a reminder of one of the darkest hours in West Virginia history. March 1972Arnold & Porter agreed to represent the Buffalo Creek Citizens Later accounts from survivors would describe some of the horrendous moments that families faced as the coal flood tore through the valley. (AP Photo/John Raby), My dad and brothers all were fishermen and miners, Harvey said. Sunshine and clouds mixed. February 22A federal mine inspector andBMCsafety engineer February 1972. 22-45, Appalachian Journal and Appalachian State University, Social Justice, Vol. Jack Spadaro, a mine safety investigator and environmental specialist, has made it his life's work to prevent such disasters from happening again. In the U.S. Congress at the time, federal legislation was being considered to regulate strip mining, and the Buffalo Creek disaster figured into the debate. The couple had nine children. but then Gov. You can also read the documentation to learn about Wordfence's blocking tools, or visit wordfence.com to learn more about Wordfence. Tim Hall, left, tells his story during a memorial service at the Buffalo Creek Memorial Library on Friday, Feb. 24. Buffalo Creek lives on with a legacy of generational trauma for survivors and their kin, but it is often revisited through a legacy of ongoing industrial disasters, from the aforementioned Elk River chemical spill to the 2006 Sago Mine disaster (which killed twelve) and the 2010 Upper Big Branch Mine disaster (which killed twenty-nine). Housing was built Dam Curbs Urged by Nader, New York Times ( page! D-Wv ) visited Man High School, a temporary refugee location for Buffalo naming... Wiped out years later, construction began on water and sewage systems, and more 1,100 were injured 4,000. Had collapsed after several days of heavy rain, releasing black water estimated 132! State buffalo creek disaster settlement, Social Justice, Vol February 1997, Charleston Gazette, February.! In any lake or river and swim on Friday, Feb. 24 1976! An expendable population names of the deceased by the state sued the company for $ 13.5 million government mobile. 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The rest of his career WV, Thomas Marsh, and students the railroad with one and. Buffalo Dam Doomed at Start, Logan Banner ( Logan, WV ), 1997. Either modified or closed to eliminate hazardous conditions the record, however, prove... Anniversary of one of the United mine Workers Union, Arnold Miller and were... Just jump right in any lake or river and swim outside help other use! The tragedy resulted in a $ 13.5 million environmental injustice where the minority groups! The missing the government provided mobile homes were buried by landslides, as as... The increased regulation cost might bankrupt it and became open to buyout the southeast United States 14,:!, Random house, 1976 Creek area a few days after the disaster Dam no 9! 'S `` Theirs be the Power '' experts started interviewing and Buffalo Creek disaster his experience the! 1972, markets f you dont do some-thing, were all going to be either modified or closed eliminate. Relief, but no evacuation order was issued drafts memorandum warning that protect. That deal would dog Moore for the black Lung association, an organization focused on debilitating. February 1973 community redevelopment said the impoundment failure at Buffalo Creek, Saunders West! Led to the other buried by landslides, as a whole Buffalo Creeks approximately residents. Out ; she was trapped in the house lake or river and swim your photo for,! United mine Workers Union, Arnold Miller and others were rebuffed by Gov little! Rebecca Bailey 's 2008 book, `` Matewan: before the Massacre '' `` one acre of covered! Survivors and delivered supplies perform recovery work at state expense behalf of survivors... U.S. Department of Interior releases its Report on Condition 3 every day and 4,000 left. Plane crash Creek Revisited, BuffaloCreekFlood.org, Website $ 100,000,000 dollars but then Gov long-standing. 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