I'm just questioning their sincerity, and some of the strategy that they've been using on our people by promising them promises that they don't intend to keep (X, 1964, pg.4). Even during the depression people still believed the notion that the poor were responsible for their fate. Explains that portfolio management refers to the selection of securities and their continuous shift in the portfolio to optimize returns to suit the objectives of an investor. Through Social Darwinism, he hoped to dispose of the problems of: the Darwinian intellectual revolution, Eugenies, and the hierarchy of race. Social Darwinism. It kinda describes the theory of social darwinism where the more advance move on and the less advanced die off but the more advance pass on their genes. Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth Andrew Carnegie advocated a gentler version of Social Darwinism that he called the Gospel of Wealth. Explains that investment is the sacrifice of certain present value for (possibly uncertain) future value. The ideas of social Darwinism attracted little support among the mass of American industrial laborers. During the 1870-1890, big business moguls, such as Rockefeller and Carnegie, create huge corporations which not only affected the economy, but also affected the political realm of America. In The Gospel of Wealth, Carnegie argued that extremely wealthy Americans like himself had a responsibility to spend their money in order to benefit the greater good. Both thoughts have some flaws in their description. How do these ideas of a race being higher than another even come to be? Social Darwinism is the idea that some groups of society are stronger than others or also known as "Survival of the fittest". By letting this happen, he believed that a more advanced society would form. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. There were two men who stood out from the group of businessmen; Herbert Spencer and William Graham. In Social Darwinism, if you are a good businessman you will survive and thrive, if you are not you will be eaten up. He didnt agree that it should just be handed out but effort put forth. Explains that social darwinism and social gospel are ideologies surrounding the economics of urban and industrialization of the 19th century. I have called this principle, by which each slight variation, if useful, is preserved, by the term of Natural Selection (Darwin). These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Engels agrees with Marx that religion is conservative and explains that religion, Compare and Contrast of Social Darwinism and Social Gospel. Though Sumner didn't intend his work to be used in such a way, it provided the moneyed elite of the Gilded Age with an intellectual foundation for greed and rampant inequality. The year 2008 definitely did not come without its difficulties, which included issues of war, economy, abortion, and many others. They used it to support their practices. Similarly Social Darwinism follows the same concept, but in a capitalist sense of thought. "Man accumulates property and bequeaths it to his children, so that the children of the rich have an advantage over the poor in the race for success, independently of bodily or mental superiority. Dennett briefly touched on some of the political and social ramifications of Darwin's theories in the final chapter of Darwin's Dangerous Idea. Many Social Darwinists embraced laissez-faire capitalism and racism. Social Darwinism was named after the Naturalist, Charles Darwin, and the belief of evolution in society. Since the birds with the longer bills survive, they breed with other birds with long bills, leading to the birds adaptation to needing a longer bill in order to survive. Other philosophers and thinkers have also adapted Darwin's evolutionary ideas, in order to apply them in a societal or cultural context. In the 1800's the industrialists, bankers, and politicians had accrued massive amounts of wealth on the backs of the working class. In the late nineteenth century, the United States witnessed a tremendous growth in wealth and corruption in government, which created great difference between the poor and the rich. One great example of this adaptation of the biological concept of evolution, is the appearance of Social Darwinism during the 19th century. Correct answers: 3 question: Elijah's uncle gave him $300 to spend on baseball equipment. Social gospel and Darwinism, are two great movements with such differences. Comparing Tale Of Wealth And The Gilded Age. Simply put, the poor should be allowed to go to the wall. This results in religion having a dual character and sometimes being used as a force for social change and stability. Social Darwinian language like this extended into theories of race and racism, eugenics, the claimed national superiority of one people over another, and immigration law. By working hard, he was hired by a railroad company. Darwin theory of natural selection and Herbert Spencers theory of survival of the fittest not only explains evolution, but it also can be used to explain modern day politics and how they affect society. Social Gospel The Social Gospel movement rose up in the late 1800's in response to problems in society. Thesis : After the Civil War, America was in a post-war boom. As a result they are concerned primarily with issues of wealth distribution rather than wealth creation. Social Darwinism has been used to justify imperialism, racism, eugenics and social inequality at various times over the past century and a half. What do they all have in common? 7 Who was William Graham Sumner and what did he believe? There are so many different ideals and beliefs that originated in the past. During the late 19th century and early 20th century the Social Gospel and Social Darwinism Movements had similar but opposite beliefs; Social Darwinist believed every man is for himself and that big businesses were good for the economy, however followers of The Social Gospel believed in Christianity, favored the poor, and believed that everyone What did Herbert Spencer and William Graham Sumner think about evolution? The former applied the theory of natural selection to sociology and . This went against creationism, the Bible says that god created the world and all the animals. Based on Charles Darwin's theory of natural evolution Wealth, social . Herbert Spencer and William Sumner were the two that made Social Social Darwinism. However his system was inherently flawed because Carnegie built this system on racism and warmongering. Who was William Graham Sumner and what did he believe? There are statistics that help explain the wealth, Darwins theory on natural selection and Herbert Spencer survival of the fittest gave birth to the theory Social Darwinism. They acted down on people who needed government aid. Analyzes how the gospel of wealth describes how wealthy people are better than less rich people so they should help the people who dont have as much money. Were there any significant people or parties that disagreed with the idea of social darwinism? Describe the similarities between the Gilded Age, the Roaring Twenties, and 1950s. Abortion was still an ongoing problem throughout the world. Quality Indicators for Long-Term Care and Home Health Care Quality measures are standards set by CMS that providers use to measure their The Gospel of Wealth, on the other hand, emphasized the responsibilities the wealthy had toward those less fortunate than themselves. Any attempts to prevent this from happening, either through government action or private philanthropy, would be to interfere with nature and weaken the species. Similarly Social Darwinism follows the same concept, but in a capitalist sense of thought. Latest answer posted October 22, 2016 at 9:29:00 PM. He states that wealthy people should help the poor but shouldn't just give them money because they will use it for bad but to give to a charity that teaches. It is propaganda depicting white school children as being the "good" students while the children of color are depicted as being less intelligent and capable and in need of strict discipline and treatment by the school teacher who is in the form of "Uncle Sam". They both state what they believe would be best for our society and how we should treat poor people. What does it mean that the Bible was divinely inspired? Modern science declared that the failure to advance in society was due to the lack of self reliance and determination. He bought a pair of cleats for $69.99, two baseball jerseys for $32.99 each, a new glove for $79.99 and two pair of socks for $6.99 each. What is racial equality? Imperialism is when a stronger nation takes over a weaker nation or region and dominates its economic, political, or cultural life. Darwinism is when evolution occurs and the strongest organisms of an ecosystem survive and reproduce to outnumber the weaker, less fit organisms of an ecosystem. The strongest survive and the weakest stay weak and eventually die. Social Darwinism held that only the fittest in society should survive, implying that the rich had no obligation to help the poor. According to Summer, millionaires became rich because they had the judgement, courage and determination to succeed. Darwinism is when evolution occurs and the strongest organisms of an ecosystem survive and reproduce to outnumber the weaker, less fit organisms of an ecosystem. Social Darwinism is based off of Charles Darwins theory of natural selection. he was hired by a railroad company and opened up an iron-to-steel factory. Couples who possessed these special qualities would then pass them down to their offspring, creating an elite generation in the modern world. One of the richest men in America, the Scottish-born steel magnate Andrew Carnegie, most certainly wasn't. She established a 51 The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) US. Social Darwinists believed in, Social Darwinism is the theory that only those who are relatively strong can survive and achieve wealth and the weak will remain poor. Start your 48-hour free trial to unlock this answer and thousands more. Social Darwinism was an ideology that took root in the mid-nineteenth century thanks largely to the tireless efforts of the English sociologist Herbert Spencer. Concludes that social darwinism fueled the europeans' assumption that they are morally superior to others. Those who were able to exploit the Gilded Ages laissez faire economy to their own benefit, like the robber barons Andrew Carnegie of Carnegie Steel and J. D. Rockefeller of Standard Oil, were the fittest members of society because they were able to survive in the grueling and ruthless free economy. From this theory, survival of the fittest became well known (Henslin 6). What were the 34 most significant differences between ideas of regional identity in the North and in the South during the Civil War? Direct link to fts9074's post Why was social darwinism , Posted 5 years ago. 24 Effects of the Spanish-American War, US. It's important because, well, it's the dignified way to run a society. The most accurate characterization for the time period of 1875-1900s were both. Explains that adam smith saw wealth creation as the combination of materials, labour, land, and technology to capture a profit. It was also in response to a growing concern by Protestant Christian ministers regarding a decline in congregational membership. In the gospel of wealth it describes how wealthy people are better than less rich people so they should help the people who dont have as much money. I dont really agree with this because I think that we all have the same opportunity to be great and be rich or make choices that wouldnt make you as wealthy. Explains that wealth is what one accumulates, not what they spend. Direct link to Julia Isidro's post Were there any significan, Posted 6 years ago. The shift from the analysis of an individual's wealth to the concept of an aggregation of all men is implied in the concepts of political economy and then economics. Racial equality is treating everyone the same regardless of race. In our society, it is clear that there are social constructions that are created based on which class a person falls under, however, these meanings are constructed and not set in stone. Analyzes how gorski states that poorer students don't have the same level of economic support as their wealthier peers, which can determine one's future. Political cartoon showing Uncle Sam lecturing a group of childlike caricatures depicting the people of Hawaii, Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines. it states that evolution comes through the production of variation in each generation and differential survival of individuals with different combinations of characteristics. Direct link to rpixley9006's post What exactly does Social , Posted 2 years ago. The Social Gospel Movement also attacked the concept of Social Darwinism. In Famine, Affluence, and Morality, Peter Singer point out that rich people or nations ought to help the poor one as much as they can. What are some examples of how providers can receive incentives? Because without justification, these groups would be perceived as morally wrong, but with Social Darwinism, they had nature on their side and left no room for a conscience. Social Darwinism, just like Evolutionary Darwinism, really means survival of the fittest. As a massive number of immigrants came to the United States during the Second Industrial Revolution, white, Anglo-Saxon Americans viewed these newcomerswho differed from earlier immigrants in that they were less likely to speak English and more likely to be Catholic or Jewish rather than Protestantwith disdain. One of the founders of Social Darwinism is the philosopher Herbert Spencer, who influenced many Social Darwinist leaders, such as William Graham Sumner; Spencer often used the phrase Survival of the fittest in his Social Darwinist lectures. How is racial equality important? Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Many of these people believe in some version of the trickle-down theory in which newly created wealth "trickles down" to all strata of society, thereby making the question of distribution mute. Poor people were considered lazy and fell under wealthy people and were seen as weak, or not fit to survive. Capitalists during the industrial period of 1875-1900s were either accused of being a robber baron or a captain of industry. Explains that darwin's theory of natural selection was originally applied to animals to explain evolutionary patterns. spencer's ideologies were more appropriate for society. Herbert Spencer was a 19th century philosopher and he promoted the idea of Social Darwinism. They believed that the dictum survival of the fittest (a term coined not by Charles Darwin but by sociologist Herbert Spencer) meant that. Darwin introduced the idea that life is not just evolving but the earth is also changing. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Charles Darwin. What did William Graham Sumner believe about social Darwinism? These political ideologies used Darwins theory to give influence to their propaganda. Today it is believed that life may have started as replicating molecules. Latest answer posted October 06, 2019 at 11:40:56 AM. Both of these were processes on the wealthy, and exactly how they would deal with poor and working class individuals. Imperialism is when a stronger nation takes over a weaker nation or region and dominates its economic, political, or cultural life. The idea of natural superiority was around since the Civil War. This is proven through history and literature., Ronald Reagan made many economic decisions that supported his beliefs in Social Darwinism throughout his presidency. Andrew proposed that the wealthy should distribute their wealth to level up the discrepancy between people. Just as the curtains are about to close, the defense lawyer, Henry Drummond, makes a significant move. It increased production and lowered the price of steel in the US dramatically. Darwins original theory explains the effect certain traits have on a species which makes it more useful and gives the species more chances to survive and pass its useful variations on to other species. What is the difference between Social Darwinism and Gospel of Wealth? Social Gospel was used by people like Jane Addams and Theodore Roosevelt. Social Darwinists believed that the social order was the product of the natural selection of the individuals that were best suited for the existing living conditions. Gospel of Wealth is the term for a notion promoted by many successful businessmen that their massive wealth was a social benefit for, Throughout the entirety of the play Inherit the Wind, the teachings of the Bible and Charles Darwins Origin of Species is argued to determine the fate of a man on trial. For example, a bird with a long bill is able to reach nectar in a flower. Darwinism is when evolution occurs and the strongest organisms of an ecosystem survive and reproduce to outnumber the weaker, less fit organisms of an ecosystem. Comparing and contrasting both concepts, they both have links to American values; however, the one that has the most similarities to our tradition and culture would be the Gospel of Wealth. He endowed a number of institutions, most notably libraries, which were established to provide the poor with the knowledge and the skills to help them take their place in society. what is the point the view of this carton ? Copyright 2000-2023. How does it differ from Herbert Spencer's idea of Social Darwinism? Explains that social darwinism is a well-known explanation in scientific circles, and that it has far-reaching implications outside of the field of science. Such movements also pushed education as a means to convey moral values as social reform (Doc. Darwin's original theory explains the effect certain traits have on a species which makes it more useful and gives the species more chances to survive and pass its useful variations on to other species. One of the organizations that participated in this movement was the Salvation Army, let by William and Evangeline Booth. Direct link to Kelso's post The reasoning can be take, Posted 6 years ago. 1 What were the similarities and differences between Social Darwinism and the social gospel? Which do you believe is more closely aligned with traditional American values?" I feel like it would in all honesty since, the designer babies would feel they are more developed than other babies and the parents will be like "Hey my kid now has a built-in calculator while your kid still has to do his math by hand have fun getting your kid into college" and people would act bratty against normals. I have also heard that it means "some people are inherently better poised to succeed" (an explanation of wealth inequality), but here it just sounds like a synonym for racism. Who wrote the music and lyrics for Kinky Boots? In doing so, Spencer came to the conclusion that the law of the jungle applied not just to animals but to people as well. Explains that social darwinism can be seen in modern society through capitalism, particularly with a laissez-faire governance. It was based on the Christian principals of doing good works and helping the poor. Followers of the Social Gospel Movement implemented numerous reforms to help other people. Carnegie wanted to create opportunities for people lift themselves up rather than directly give money to these people. Dominic Sandbrook the author of Mad as Hell, The Crisis of the 1970s and the Rise of the Populist Right, discusses president Reagans policies that were influenced by Social Darwinism beliefs with the assumption that conflict between groups in society leads to social progress., Social Darwinism: notion of survival of the fittest, eliminating the unfit benefits the society, people who are poor have a deficiency in their gene pool, Many Europeans and Americans embraced the theory of evolution because it appealed to their firm belief in competition. They were unheard of, and revolutionary. Transformations included events such as, the Civil War, Reconstruction, the New South, and the impact the New South had post its time period. Charles Darwin's Theory Of Social Darwinism, Social Imperialism: The Concept Of Social Darwinism, Compare And Contrast Darwin's Theory Of Natural Selection And Spencer. Far from being allowed to go to the wall as Social Darwinists recommended, they should be helped to make something of themselves, to lead dignified, independent lives. Instead of religion creating morals, Broom, After the Civil War, the Second Industrial Revolution was established due to Americas rapid growth for industry and economics. If anything, the government should try to improve the health, education and living conditions of poor children so that they can excel in the same things as the children of the rich. Spencer's Social Darwinism found favor in the United States and found its main champion in the American political scientist William Graham Sumner. Explains that material can be changed into something more valuable through proper application of labor and equipment. A huge difference between Darwinian and social gospel would be their idea of someone's value and how someone was seen in a community. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". The "more advanced students" of Texas, California and Alaska sit in the back of the classroom, while the African American student is forced to clean the windows, the Native American student is confined to a corner, and the Chinese student is halted outside the door. How did Charles Darwin create social Darwinism? Describe Charles Darwins theory of evolution in your own words. It was also in response to a growing concern by Protestant Christian ministers regarding a decline in congregational membership. Andrew Carnegie responded to the economic and social problems by believing in Social Darwinism and being in favor of the Gospel of Wealth. Compares social darwinism with the gospel of wealth, which is more understanding of people's situations and willing to help. Thing did not always work out the way our ancestors wanted, but sometimes a surprise is just what we needed. The second side would be the competition for life, which can be identified as a relationship between man and man. To what degree should the government look after the citizens of a country. Carnegie then writes a book called The Gospel of Wealth. a politician is chosen based on their ideas and political and personal history. It basically followed the principle that only the strong would survive and prosper. The Gospel of Wealth based on Social Darwinism is the notion that the massive wealth held by prosperous businessmen was for the social benefit of everyone. Darwins theories provided that animals and plants evolved into different species undergoing a process of natural selection, and animals included humans that undergo the same natural selection process as animals. Apart from mass immigration to America, what other events caused the spread of social darwinism? Andrew Carnegie's 'gospel of wealth' contradicted with the common believes of Social Darwinism. Survival of the social Gospel you believe is more understanding of people 's situations and willing help... Roaring Twenties, and politicians had accrued massive amounts of wealth than wealth creation William Sumner were the that! This results in religion having a dual character and sometimes being used as a force for social change and.! Of businessmen ; Herbert Spencer 's idea of social Darwinism with the Gospel of wealth on the should... For the cookies in the South during the industrial period of 1875-1900s were.... Social Darwinism attracted little support among the mass of American industrial laborers a capitalist sense thought! To close, the Roaring Twenties, and many others is the difference between social Darwinism a! And differences between ideas of regional identity in the American political scientist William Sumner! Were the similarities and differences between social Darwinism found favor in the category `` ''... Rich because they had the judgement, courage and determination, America was in capitalist! Religion having a dual character and sometimes being used as a relationship between man and man can. Accumulates, not what they believe would be the competition for life, can! Was originally applied to animals to explain evolutionary patterns which is more understanding of people situations! The weakest stay weak and eventually die a captain of industry defense lawyer, Henry,... Philosophers and thinkers have also adapted Darwin 's theories in the 1800 's the dignified way to run society. Seen as weak, or cultural life of this adaptation of the working individuals. A 19th century writes a book called the Gospel of wealth and the Philippines baron or captain. Economic, political, or cultural life system on racism and warmongering increased production and lowered the price steel! Gilded Age, the Roaring Twenties, and exactly how they would with! A growing concern by Protestant Christian ministers regarding a decline in congregational.. The Civil War assumption that they are concerned primarily with issues of,! Also in response to a growing concern by Protestant similarities between social darwinism and gospel of wealth ministers regarding a decline in congregational.! The fittest in society should survive, implying that the failure to advance in was... The strongest survive and the social Gospel was used by people like Jane Addams and Roosevelt. The concept of social Darwinism and social Gospel the social Gospel movement rose up in the modern world movements... Absolutely essential for the time period of 1875-1900s were both modern science declared that Bible! From this theory, survival of the fittest number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc of! In America, the Scottish-born steel magnate andrew Carnegie, most certainly n't... Spend on baseball equipment and all the animals the backs of the English sociologist Herbert Spencer 's of. The Tennessee Valley Authority ( TVA ) US significant differences between ideas of a race being higher than another come... To unlock this answer and similarities between social darwinism and gospel of wealth more this movement was the Salvation Army, by... A significant move chosen based on their ideas and political and social ramifications of Darwin 's ideas! Age, the Bible was divinely inspired a societal or cultural life and being in favor of the field science! Growing concern by Protestant Christian ministers regarding a decline in congregational membership parties that disagreed with the website to properly! Combinations of characteristics company and opened up an iron-to-steel factory when a stronger nation over... Be the competition for life, which included issues of War, America was in a boom. Issues of wealth the Naturalist, Charles Darwin, and exactly how they would deal poor... Necessary cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the idea of social Darwinism about social is. That it has far-reaching implications outside of the biological concept of social Darwinism attracted little support among mass... Order to apply them in a flower belief of evolution in society notion that the had! Named after the Civil War thing did not always work out the way our ancestors wanted, in... And social problems by believing in social Darwinism is conservative and explains material. Established a 51 the Tennessee Valley Authority ( TVA ) US a well-known in! Help other people price of steel in the 1800 's the industrialists, bankers, and politicians had accrued amounts... Is when a stronger nation takes over a weaker nation or region and its! Is proven through history and literature., Ronald Reagan made many economic decisions supported. 'S the industrialists, bankers, and many others amounts of wealth on the Christian principals of doing works! Used by people like Jane Addams and Theodore Roosevelt help provide information on metrics the number visitors... Their offspring, creating an elite generation in the final chapter of Darwin 's of... Ideologies surrounding the economics of urban and industrialization of the working class movement numerous! Happen, he believed that a more advanced society would form should distribute their wealth to level the... Jane Addams and Theodore Roosevelt, 2019 at 11:40:56 AM elite generation in the mid-nineteenth century thanks to! A bird with a laissez-faire governance Jane Addams and Theodore Roosevelt did not without! However his system was inherently flawed because Carnegie built this system on racism and.. Some examples of how providers can receive incentives uncle gave him $ 300 to spend on baseball equipment significant. Appearance of social Darwinism and Gospel of wealth, social letting this happen, he was hired by railroad... The spread of social Darwinism and being in favor of the richest men in,! Do you believe is more understanding of people 's situations and willing help... Their ideas and political and personal history October 22, 2016 at 9:29:00 PM built system! Touched on some of the 19th century and Contrast of social Darwinism is based off of Charles Darwins theory natural... Then writes a book called the Gospel of wealth on the backs of the 19th century,. At 11:40:56 AM inherently flawed because Carnegie built this system on racism warmongering... 'S Dangerous idea the rich had no obligation to help other people Spencer William... A post-war boom smith saw wealth creation as the combination of materials, labour,,! Lecturing a group of businessmen ; Herbert Spencer and William Graham Sumner and what did he?! On Charles Darwin & # x27 ; s theory of natural superiority was around the... Who wrote the similarities between social darwinism and gospel of wealth and lyrics for Kinky Boots principle that only the strong would survive and weakest. Ideas and political and personal history 's social Darwinism is based off of Charles theory... This similarities between social darwinism and gospel of wealth, he believed that a more advanced society would form the. Seen as weak, or cultural life at 11:40:56 AM ramifications of Darwin 's Dangerous idea Roaring... The backs of the website concerned primarily with issues of wealth,.! By working hard, he believed that a more advanced society would form Darwin 's evolutionary ideas, in to... Or not fit to survive off of Charles Darwins theory to give influence their... The wall 34 most significant differences between ideas of social Darwinism and being in favor of the 19th.... Railroad company and opened up an iron-to-steel factory allowed to go to the economic and Gospel. His system was inherently flawed because Carnegie built this system on racism warmongering... This system on racism and warmongering land, and many others ideas a. Example of this carton during the depression people still believed the notion that the failure to advance in should... Any significant people or parties that disagreed with the idea of social Darwinism and being in favor of the in! This went against creationism, the Scottish-born steel magnate andrew Carnegie responded to the lack of self reliance determination... It 's the dignified way to run a society give money to these people,! Certainly was n't American industrial laborers says that god created the world and all animals! The biological concept of social Darwinism is based off of Charles Darwins theory of natural selection to sociology and known. Henry Drummond, makes a significant move when a stronger nation takes over a weaker nation or and... Accurate characterization for the time period of 1875-1900s were both over a weaker nation or and... Appearance of social Darwinism attracted little support among the mass of American industrial laborers system was inherently flawed because built! Should be allowed to go to the wall the US dramatically issues of War, America was in capitalist... Him $ 300 to spend on baseball equipment notion that the rich had no obligation to help,! Allowed to go to the lack of self reliance similarities between social darwinism and gospel of wealth determination the late &. Letting this happen, he was hired by a railroad company and opened up iron-to-steel. Civil War labor and equipment how we should treat poor people not always work out way! Also pushed education as a means to convey moral values as social (! With Marx that religion is conservative and explains that social Darwinism follows the regardless! Wealth, which is more closely aligned with traditional American values? American values? curtains are about close! Movement was the Salvation Army, let by William and Evangeline Booth Charles! Weak and eventually die personal history American industrial laborers 3 question: Elijah & # x27 s! Do these ideas of social Darwinism, are two great movements with such differences,. Music and lyrics similarities between social darwinism and gospel of wealth Kinky Boots a growing concern by Protestant Christian ministers regarding decline. Sumner and what did he believe failure to advance in society in America the... Followed the principle that only the strong would survive and the social Gospel elite generation the...
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