Known to cause outbreaks and spread in hospitals (nosocomial infections), Fermenting and non-fermenting strains (lactose), There are serotypes associated with food poisoning ("Traveler's Diarrhea") (O157:H7), They produce vitamin K2, which is needing for blood clotting and wound healing, Many are motile (produce flagella) (peritrichous), Infections can include gastroenteritis, UTI (most common cause), respiratory, neonatal meningitis, hemorrhagic colitis, Crohn's disease, mastitis, sepsis), Gram-negative, pale-staining, irregular-stained, highly pleomorphic rods with swollen areas, filaments, large, bizarre, round bodies, Grows on ANABAP agar as circular, entire or having irregular edges, convex, barely umbonate, smooth, translucent, non hemolytic colonies, Gram-negative, pleomorphic bacilli, round-to-tapered ends, filamentous or round bodies, more pleomorphic with age, On ANABAP agar, grows as circular, umbonate colonies with a ridged surface, translucent or opaque, will fluoresce chartreuse under UV light, the agar will green upon exposure to air, some strains are beta-hemolytic, Gram-negative, pale-staining, long, slender, spindle-shaped rods with sharp pointed edges or tapered ends, On ANABAP agar, grows as either bread crumb-like, white or gray-white colonies, speckled, or smooth; also greens the agar upon exposure to air and also fluoresces chartreuse under UV light, but usually non hemolytic, Gram-negative, uneven staining, pleomorphic, short oval rods occurring as singles or pairs, On ANABAP, grows as colonies with gray-white centers with colorless edges that look like fried eggs and are circular, entire, convex, translucent, and nonhemolytic, Do not ferment mannitol, lactose, or rhamnose, Good growth on Chocolate Agar and Haemophilus Quad Plate with X and V Factors, Blood agar growth is only shown as satellite growth around other bacteria such as S. aureus (tiny smooth, transparent, translucent or grey convex colonies), Incubate in 37 degrees C in a CO2 incubator, Encapsulated (a, b, c, d, e, f) and unencapsulated strains, Hib substraincan cause epiglottitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, and acute bacterial meningitis and there is a vaccination for this subtype, This is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in unvaccinated children, Some strains cause cellulitis, osteomyelitis, and infectious arthritis, Upper respiratory infection with fever leading to wheezing and bronchitis, Second or third generation cephalosporins, Part of the commensal flora of the human GI tract, but can occasionally cause infection in the immunocompromised or can cause a UTI, Curved, spiral, corkscrew or straight, slightly plum Gram-negative rods, Tests include rapid urease (Clotest), culture, direct antigen test, serology testing, urea breath test and confirmation by gastric biopsy, Gram-negative bacilli (short, thick rods), Grow at 35-37 degrees Celsius with a pH of 7.2, Can cause UTIs, pneumonia, septicemia, meningitis, diarrhea, soft tissue and wound infections, medical device biofilm and infection, Causative agent of the pneumonia-like illness known as Legionnaire's Disease, Causative agent of the mild flu-like illness known as Pontiac Fever, Growth on Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract Agar (BCYE), Common in soil and aquatic systems and spread through the air vents, May be identified using a Legionella Urinary Antigen Test, culture, DNA probe, or PCR, Large, spherical cocci arranged in tetrads, pairs or singles or clusters, Gemella spp (normal flora of the human oral and upper respiratory tracts), Large, spherical cocci arranged in tetrads, pairs or singles, clusters, Cocci in singles pairs, chains or clusters, Gram-positive bacilli, showing pallisades formation, Gram-negative coccobacilli (large) or diplococci or singles, tetrads or clumps, usually in "coffee bean" pair formation, Can cause lower respiratory infection and pneumonia, Very rarely causes bacteremia or meningitis, M. lacunata causes blepharoconjunctivitis in humans, Can cause nosocomial infections, post-surgical, UTI infections, wound infection, post-surgical infection, peritonitis, CNS infection, endolphthalmitis, pneumonia, chorioamnionitis, neonatal sepsis, pyomyosititis, arthritis, necrotizing fasciitis, Off-white, opaque, medium colonies, smooth, convex, pinpoint white centers, shiny, Motile but some nonmotile at 30 degrees C, Gram-negative diplococci shaped like 2 kidney beans or coffee beans facing each other, Grow on Chocolate Agar, Thayer Martin, Martin Lewis, MTM, NYC medium, JEMBEC system, Nonmotile (has no flagella, but does produce twitching motility due to pili), In the sugars test, only ferments glucose, Protein II is an adhesin that enables the bacterium to stick to mucosa, Cultures, Gram-stain, and nucleic acid probe aid in identification, 5-10% of adults may carry this organism in their nares (asymptomatic carriers), Minimum of 48-72 hours turnaround time and up to a week for serotyping, Causes blood vessel destruction, hemorrhage, sepsis, skin rash as tiny, round, red dots called petechiae, Can damage the adrenal glands of the kidneys, IgA1 protease (destroys IgA of the immune system), Iron-chelater (steals iron from the host), CSF culture, Gram-stain, and latex agglutination test aid in identification, Fluoroquinolone with Metronidazole or clindamycin, Gram-negative pleomorphic bacilli (small, ellipsoidal to elongated rods) in singles, pairs, and chains (rarely), Bipolar staining ("safety pin" appearance), Causes cellulitis, swelling, pus and drainage, possible arthritis, possible abscess, Anaerobic Gram-positive cocci occurring singly and in pairs, tetrads, irregular masses, Produces tiny, convex, shiny, smooth, circular, black or light gray colonies on ANABAP, Anaerobic Gram-positive cocci or large coccobacilli, often in chains; larger than most other anaerobic cocci, Growth is medium gray-white, translucent-to-opaque, nonhemolyticcolonies with a sweet or fetid odor, Smells sweetand putrid at the same time, GNR (straight) in singles, pairs, and short-to-long chains (pleomorphism in young colonies), Very motile, especially at 25 degrees Celsius (but may be absent or weak at 37 degrees Celsius), Indole negative (NOTE: some strains may produce indole), Associated with urinary catheter-associated UTI, Has been known to cause sinus infection or respiratory infection, Causative agent of UTI (urinary catheter-associated), P. stuartii and P. alcalifaciens are urease negative, Metallic or green sheen due to production of a diffusible pigment called pyocyanin or pyoverdin, On Hektoen agar: grows as blue-green colonies with black centers, On XLD and MAC agars: grows as colonies with large black centers (non-lactose-fermenter), Serogrouping is done by a reference laboratory, Some strains produce indole and others do not (indole-variable), Causative agent of shigellosis: diarrhea, fever, cramps, nausea, vomiting, and gas with painful bowel movements that may contain blood, mucus and/or pus, Causative agent of dysentery (moderate-to-severe diarrhea) and dehydration; Young children have been known to have convulsions or seizures, Accounts for epidemics/outbreaks of dysentery, which is transmitted via the fecal-oral route by the ingestion of contaminated food or water, or by direct person-to-person contact, Produces the shiga toxin, a potent enterotoxin similar to the verotoxin produced by E. coli O157:H7 strain, which is linked to the fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), Does not ferment mannitol, sucrose, xylose, or raffinose, Fecal leukocyte stain is positive for presence of leukocytes and red blood cells, Most frequently isolated in culture worldwide, Accounts for about 60% of cases in the developing world, Produces 2 potent toxins: ShET 1 and ShET2, Accounts for about 77% of cases in the developed world and about 15% in the developed world, Gram-positive cocci in clusters (tetrads and sarcinae when dividing), Staphaurex latex test positive (clumping) most of the time, but not always, Ferments mannitol to produce bright yellow colonies on MSA, Normal flora of the skin, nose, respiratory tract (commensal), Causes opportunistic infections (skin, respiratory, urinary tract, sepsis/bacteremia, wound, sinusitis, food poisoning), so every bench will encounter and work up this organism, Responsible for infections such as pimples, boils, folliculitis, carbuncles, furuncles, cellulitis, abscesses, scalded skin syndrome, Linked to life-threatening illnesses, including pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, toxic shock syndrome, bacteremia, sepsis, Linked to nosocomial infections, especially post-surgical wound infections and septic arthritis, Linked to food poisoning, and incubation period is just 1-6 hours after eating contaminated food, with illness lasting 30 minutes to 3 days. Research has shown that E. aerogenes is resistant to ampicillin and it has been more recently discovered that it is resistant to imipenem (11). It selectively promotes the growth of Gram-negative bacteria and aids in the differentiation of lactose fermenter and non-lactose fermenting colonies. Greyish to white-colored large, circular, and convex colonies. Transparent colorless colonies with no zone of precipitation. Enterobacter Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae are gram-negative bacteria that belong to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Jawetz, melnick, & Adelbergs Medical Microbiology. Edited by Paul Erpelo/ Salvatore Grasso /Everardo Mojica/ Joseph Truong and Frank Wolf/ Kimberly Klages and Sandra Montes/ Daisy Mendez students of M Glogowski at Loyola University, From MicrobeWiki, the student-edited microbiology resource, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=genome&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=11232, http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=153306, https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Enterobacter_aerogenes&oldid=61412, Pages edited by students of Mary Glogowski at Loyola University. WikiJournal of Medicine 2 (1). The red blood cells from sheep blood remain intact in agar that makes the blood red color of plates and supports the growth of bacteria such as streptococci which would not grow otherwise. Divide the EMB agar plate into three sections. Off-white or cream-colored, smooth, convex, pinpoint white centers, shiny opaque colonies. Appl Environ Microbiol. EHEC strains such as O157:H7 are fairly common in cattle. Transparent colorless colonies with no zone of precipitation; non-lactose fermenting colonies. They had a drastic reduction in the amount of the major porin but with an apparently conserved normal structure (size and immunogenicity), together with overproduction of two known outer membrane proteins, OmpX and LamB (8). In healthy people it does not cause problems until the immune system is compromised. Properties (Citrobacter freundii) Capsule. (Rebecca Buxton, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT) Positive (+ve) The complete breakdown of blood on a blood agar plate is called A. hemolysis. The microrganisim B. Subtilis tested positive for catalase, lipase, and amylase. Betta Hemolysis (Blood Agar) Term [image] Definition. As a result of its antibiotic resistance, many researchers have reverted back to "old drugs" such as colistin in addition to imipenem to treat severe E. aerogenes infections.
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